country profile
Official title: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran
international short form: Iran
international long form: Islamic Republic of Iran
former name: Persia
ISO Country Code: ir, irn
Time
Local Time = UTC +3.5h
Summer UTC +4.5
Capital city
Country Calling Code: +98
Capital City: Tehran
the biggest Cities of Iran (Iran has 31 provinces)
1.Tehran (15,232,564)
2.Mashhad (2,782,976)
3.Isfahan (2,391,738)
4.Karaj (1,967,005)
5.Tabriz (1,800,000)
6.Shiraz (1,460,665)
7.Qom (1,374,036)
8.Ahvaz (1,136,989)
9.Urmia (963,738)
10.Kermanshah (851,405)
Population
80 million
Government
Government type: Islamic republic
Head of state: Leader of the Islamic Revolution Ayatollah Ali Hosseini-Khamenei
Independence day: 1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed)
Constitution: confirmed December 1979, revised 1989 to expand powers of the presidency and eliminate the prime ministership.
Geography
Location: Middle East bordering the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea.
Area: 1.6 million km²
Terrain: Desert and mountains.
Climate
Semiarid; subtropical along the Caspian coast.
People
Nationality: Iranian(s).
Population: 79 million (in 2017).
GNI per capita PPP: $ 8 065 (year)
Ethnic groups: Persians 51%, Azeri 24%, Gilaki and Mazandarani 8%, Kurd 7%, Arab 3%, Lur 2%, Baloch 2%, Turkmen 2%, other 1%.
Religions: Shi'a Muslim 89%; Sunni Muslim 9%; Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and Baha'i 2%.
Languages: Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects 26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other.
Literacy: 80%
Natural resources
Petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron ore, lead, manganese, zinc, sulfur.
Agriculture products
Wheat, rice, other grains, sugar beets, fruits, nuts, cotton; dairy products, wool; caviar.
Industries
Petroleum, petrochemicals, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production), metal fabrication, armaments.
Exports – commodities
petroleum 80%, chemical and petrochemical products, fruits and nuts, carpets, cement, ore
Exports – partners
China 22.2%, India9.9%, Turkey 8.4%, Japan 4.5% (2015)
Imports – commodities
industrial supplies, capital goods, foodstuffs and other consumer goods, technical services
Imports – partners
UAE 39.6%, China 22.4%, South Korea 4.7%, Turkey 4.6% (2015)
Currency
Iranian Rail (IRR)
